How to prepare fungicidal solutions at home

Bordeaux Mixture

It act as contact fungicide and bactericide.

1 Kilo gram    = Copper Sulphate (Neela Thotha)

1 Kilo gram    = Calcium Hydroxide Hydrated/ slaked lime (Unbujha Chuna)

100 Litre         = Water (Cold)

 

Procedure and precautions:-

1. These ingredients are mixed in the ratio of 1:1:100, resulting 1% Bordeaux mixture. 
2. Grind the Copper Sulphate into powder form and mix it in 50 litres of water in a plastic container or bucket. Iron bucket should not be used.
3. Mix the hydrated lime into another 50 litre of water in another plastic container or bucket.
4. Pour out the copper sulphate solution into the lime container up to 80 litre, after that do it slowly till it becomes neutral and stir the resultant mixture with wooden stick. Do not use metal stick. It turns to sky blue colour on mixing.
5. As, the free copper is highly phytotoxic and may resulting scorching of the plants. Therefore, it is very much important to do test for checking free copper in the mixture before use the mixture.
6. The main function of the lime is to neutralise the free copper. The exact ratio of ingredients is decided according to the acidity of the mixture solution.
7. Before using the mixture, it should be tested by using iron knife or sickle or blade or any other iron made article. Dip knife or sickle or blade into the mixture solution for few minutes, if reddish brown deposit comes on the iron knife/ sickle/ blade, it means that solution is acidic in nature and there is need to add more lime into it, till the mixture become neutral. Other test methods i.e. Litmus paper test or pH paper test or Chemical test with 5 ml of 10% potassium ferrocyanide can also be done.
8. The Bordeaux mixture should be used freshly made and should be consumed with in 4 - 5 hours of preparation. Proper stirring should be done each time before use. It should not be stored for long time future use. 
9. The Bordeaux mixture should not be used in combination with any other pesticide or chemical due to compatibility issues. For example:- in Citrus, Zinc Sulphate should be sprayed by giving gap of at least one week.
10. It is not advisable to spray the Bordeaux mixture on tree full of fruits. It may cause russeting on the fruits, specially in apple and pear fruits.
11. After spray, the spraying implements should be properly washed with plenty of water to remove copper deposits completely.

Bordeaux Paste

It is use to cover or seal the cut ends after pruning in winter months to prevent disease pathogens entering into the plant through wounds. The fine layer is formed at the cut end which kills the pathogen and results in healing of wound. The following ingredients are required:- 

800 - 1000 gram = Copper Sulphate (Neela Thotha)

1 Kilo gram = Calcium Hydroxide Hydrated/ slaked lime (Unbujha Chuna)

10 Litre = Water

Procedure :-

1. These ingredients are mixed in the ratio of 1:1:10.
2. Grind the copper Sulphate crystals into fine powder and dissolve in 5 litres of water in a mud pot or plastic container or bucket. Iron bucket should not be used.
3. Mix the hydrated lime into another 5 litre of water in another plastic container or bucket.
4. Pour out the copper sulphate solution into the lime container slowly, till it becomes neutral and stir the resultant mixture with wooden stick. Do not use metal stick.
5. Dip the iron article i.e. knife or sickle or blade into the mixture for few minutes, if reddish brown deposit comes on the iron knife/ sickle/ blade, it means that solution is acidic in nature and there is need to add more lime into it, till the mixture become neutral.
6. Then, the resultant paste is ready for use on cut ends of the plant.

Bordeaux Paint

It is use to cover or dressing or curing the deep cut portion or wounds caused by canker, collar, root rot, gummosis, crown gall, hairy roots of the stems of infected plants.

1 Kilo gram  = Copper Sulphate (Neela Thotha)

2 Kilo gram  = Calcium Hydroxide Hydrated/ slaked lime (Unbujha Chuna)

3 Litre            = Linseed oil (Alsi ka tel)

Procedure :-

1. Grind the copper sulphate crystals against hot plate or hot pan, till it becomes white coloured powder.
2. Boil the linseed oil and leave it to cool.
3. Mix the heated copper sulphate powder properly with hydrated lime powder.
4. Then, mix that mixture with cooled linseed oil, properly
5. Store the paste into a glass container or other non-metallic container for future use. 
6. Brush can be used to apply paint to the plant.

Chaubatia Paste

Chaubatia is a place in Uttrakhand state in India. This mixture was firstly used in this place against plant diseases. Because of this, the mixture was named in the name of that place. The ingredients of Chaubatia paste are:-

800 gram = Copper Carbonate

800 gram = Red oxide

1 Litre       = Linseed oil (Alsi ka tel)

All ingredients should be mixed in glass container or jar and after mixing, it is available for use on the plant. Red oxide is easily available in the paint shops. It is also known as red primer and it is used to paint the iron sheet roofs to save them from rust.

Mashobra Paste

Mashobra is a hill station in Himachal Pradesh state in India. The regional horticulture research station of Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Foresrty, District Solan is present there, where Horticulture related research activities are being carried out by the state government. This mixture was developed at this place, due to this, it was named on the name of place. The ingredients for Mashobra Paste are following:-

150 gram    = Morpholine

12 gram      = Stearic acid

225 gram    = Lilolin

25 gram       = Streptocycline

5.5 litre        = Water

For preparing Mashobra paste, heat the mixture of Stearic acid and Morpholine, till the mixture looks like the soap solution. Then, mix Lilolin into the resultant solution mixture and stir. Now, leave the mixture solution for cooling. After cooling, add streptocycline and stir properly. Mashobra paste is ready now. 

Lime - Sulphur Paste

1.25 Gram = Hydrated Lime

1.00 Gram = Sulphur

6 Litre         = Water

Boil the mixture of Lime and Sulphur in 6 litre of water for 1-1.5 hour and stir the solution continuously, till the orange colour layer formed at the top layer. Then, leave it for cooling for over night. Then, filter the orange layer into another pot in the morning and prepare the solution for 40 litre of water with that orange filtrate.